抗战相持阶段国民政府对中共政策的转折 ——对《限制异党活动办法》的再考（1939-1941）

抗日战争进入“相持阶段”后，国民党当局的对内政策呈现出从“联共抗日”向“防共限共”的关键性转折。本文以1939年国民党秘密制颁的《限制异党活动 办法》为核心，通过对其生成机制、文本流转、实施路径及历史影响的系统性考察，揭示该文件如何成为“防共、限共、溶共”方针的制度化载体与操作化工具。研究表明，《限制异党活动办法》的策划与执行高度依赖以中统为核心的特务系统，形成了党、政、军、特四位一体的隐秘政治网络；其实施机制渗透至包括基层保甲制度、社会舆论导向、组织深层渗透与行政高压打击在内发多重领域，旨在多层面限制中国共产党及其领导力量的壮大。这一政策不仅标志着国民党工作重心的实质偏移，更导致国共摩擦从局部冲突演变为系统性对抗，严重侵蚀了抗日民族统一战线的政治基础，最终使其名存实亡。本文认为，《限制异党活动办法》不仅是战 时国共关系恶化的直接推手，亦深刻反映出国民党在民族战争背景下固守“一党训政”逻辑、难以统合多元政治力量的内在困境。历史的教训表明，在民族 存亡关头，任何将党派利益凌驾于民族整体利益之上的短视行为，必然损害国家凝聚力与抗战持久力。

Party to resist Japan” to “guarding against and restricting the Communist Party.” Focusing on the covertly promulgated 1939 Measures for Restricting the Activities of Other Political Parties, this article systematically examines its formation mechanism, textual circulation, implementation pathways, and historical impact, revealing how this document served as both the institutional vehicle and operational instrument for the policy of “guarding against, restricting, and absorbing the Communist Party.” Research demonstrates that the planning and execution of the Measures relied heavily on the secret service system centered around the Zhongtong (Central Statistics Bureau), forming a covert political network integrating the party, government, military, and secret services. Its implementation mechanisms permeated multiple domains, including grassroots baojia units, public opinion, organizational infiltration, and administrative suppression, aiming to comprehensively restrict the development